[Keras Ops] Add Histogram Operation

keras/api/_tf_keras/keras/ops/__init__.py

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 from keras.src.ops.math import extract_sequences
 from keras.src.ops.math import fft
 from keras.src.ops.math import fft2
+from keras.src.ops.math import histogram
 from keras.src.ops.math import in_top_k
 from keras.src.ops.math import irfft
 from keras.src.ops.math import istft

keras/api/ops/__init__.py

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 from keras.src.ops.math import extract_sequences
 from keras.src.ops.math import fft
 from keras.src.ops.math import fft2
+from keras.src.ops.math import histogram
 from keras.src.ops.math import in_top_k
 from keras.src.ops.math import irfft
 from keras.src.ops.math import istft

keras/src/backend/jax/math.py

@@ -294,3 +294,7 @@ def logdet(x):
     # `np.log(np.linalg.det(x))`. See
     # https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.linalg.slogdet.html
     return slogdet(x)[1]
+
+
+def histogram(x, bins, range):
+    return jnp.histogram(x, bins=bins, range=range)

keras/src/backend/numpy/math.py

@@ -316,3 +316,7 @@ def logdet(x):
     # In NumPy slogdet is more stable than `np.log(np.linalg.det(x))`. See
     # https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.linalg.slogdet.html
     return slogdet(x)[1]
+
+
+def histogram(x, bins, range):
+    return np.histogram(x, bins=bins, range=range)

keras/src/backend/tensorflow/math.py

@@ -370,3 +370,31 @@ def norm(x, ord=None, axis=None, keepdims=False):
 def logdet(x):
     x = convert_to_tensor(x)
     return tf.linalg.logdet(x)
+
+
+def histogram(x, bins, range):
+    """
+    Computes a histogram of the data tensor `x` using TensorFlow.
+    The `tf.histogram_fixed_width()` and `tf.histogram_fixed_width_bins()`
+    methods yielded slight numerical differences on some edge cases.
+    """
+
+    x = tf.convert_to_tensor(x, dtype=x.dtype)
+
+    # Handle the range argument
+    if range is None:
+        min_val = tf.reduce_min(x)
+        max_val = tf.reduce_max(x)
+    else:
+        min_val, max_val = range
+
+    x = tf.boolean_mask(x, (x >= min_val) & (x <= max_val))
+    bin_edges = tf.linspace(min_val, max_val, bins + 1)
+    bin_edges_list = bin_edges.numpy().tolist()
+    bin_indices = tf.raw_ops.Bucketize(input=x, boundaries=bin_edges_list[1:-1])
+
+    bin_counts = tf.math.bincount(
+        bin_indices, minlength=bins, maxlength=bins, dtype=x.dtype
+    )
+
+    return bin_counts, bin_edges

keras/src/backend/torch/math.py

@@ -419,3 +419,8 @@ def norm(x, ord=None, axis=None, keepdims=False):
 def logdet(x):
     x = convert_to_tensor(x)
     return torch.logdet(x)
+
+
+def histogram(x, bins, range):
+    hist_result = torch.histogram(x, bins=bins, range=range)
+    return hist_result.hist, hist_result.bin_edges

keras/src/ops/math.py

@@ -971,3 +971,89 @@ def logdet(x):
     if any_symbolic_tensors((x,)):
         return Logdet().symbolic_call(x)
     return backend.math.logdet(x)
+
+
+class Histogram(Operation):
+    def __init__(self, bins=10, range=None):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        if not isinstance(bins, int):
+            raise TypeError("bins must be of type `int`")
+        if bins < 0:
+            raise ValueError("`bins` should be a non-negative integer")
+
+        if range:
+            if len(range) < 2 or not isinstance(range, tuple):
+                raise ValueError("range must be a tuple of two elements")
+
+            if range[1] < range[0]:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "The second element of range must be greater than the first"
+                )
+
+        self.bins = bins
+        self.range = range
+
+    def call(self, x):
+        x = backend.convert_to_tensor(x)
+        if len(x.shape) > 1:
+            raise ValueError("Input tensor must be 1-dimensional")
+        return backend.math.histogram(x, bins=self.bins, range=self.range)
+
+    def compute_output_spec(self, x):
+        return (
+            KerasTensor(shape=(self.bins,), dtype=x.dtype),
+            KerasTensor(shape=(self.bins + 1,), dtype=x.dtype),
+        )
+
+
+@keras_export("keras.ops.histogram")
+def histogram(x, bins=10, range=None):
+    """Computes a histogram of the data tensor `x`.
+
+    Args:
+        x: Input tensor.
+        bins: An integer representing the number of histogram bins.
+            Defaults to 10.
+        range: A tuple representing the lower and upper range of the bins.
+            If not specified, it will use the min and max of `x`.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple containing:
+        - A tensor representing the counts of elements in each bin.
+        - A tensor representing the bin edges.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ```
+    >>> nput_tensor = np.random.rand(8)
+    >>> keras.ops.histogram(input_tensor)
+    (array([1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1], dtype=int32),
+    array([0.0189519 , 0.10294958, 0.18694726, 0.27094494, 0.35494262,
+        0.43894029, 0.52293797, 0.60693565, 0.69093333, 0.77493101,
+        0.85892869]))
+    ```
+
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(bins, int):
+        raise TypeError("bins must be of type `int`")
+    if bins < 0:
+        raise ValueError("`bins` should be a non-negative integer")
+
+    if range:
+        if len(range) < 2 or not isinstance(range, tuple):
+            raise ValueError("range must be a tuple of two elements")
+
+        if range[1] < range[0]:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The second element of range must be greater than the first"
+            )
+
+    if any_symbolic_tensors((x,)):
+        return Histogram(bins=bins, range=range).symbolic_call(x)
+
+    x = backend.convert_to_tensor(x)
+    if len(x.shape) > 1:
+        raise ValueError("Input tensor must be 1-dimensional")
+    return backend.math.histogram(x, bins=bins, range=range)

keras/src/ops/math_test.py

@@ -1468,3 +1468,115 @@ def test_istft_invalid_window_shape_2D_inputs(self):
                 fft_length,
                 window=incorrect_window,
             )
+
+
+class HistogramTest(testing.TestCase):
+    def test_histogram_default_args(self):
+        hist_op = kmath.histogram
+        input_tensor = np.random.rand(8)
+
+        # Expected output
+        expected_counts, expected_edges = np.histogram(input_tensor)
+
+        counts, edges = hist_op(input_tensor)
+
+        self.assertEqual(counts.shape, expected_counts.shape)
+        self.assertAllClose(counts, expected_counts)
+        self.assertEqual(edges.shape, expected_edges.shape)
+        self.assertAllClose(edges, expected_edges)
+
+    def test_histogram_custom_bins(self):
+        hist_op = kmath.histogram
+        input_tensor = np.random.rand(8)
+        bins = 5
+
+        # Expected output
+        expected_counts, expected_edges = np.histogram(input_tensor, bins=bins)
+
+        counts, edges = hist_op(input_tensor, bins=bins)
+
+        self.assertEqual(counts.shape, expected_counts.shape)
+        self.assertAllClose(counts, expected_counts)
+        self.assertEqual(edges.shape, expected_edges.shape)
+        self.assertAllClose(edges, expected_edges)
+
+    def test_histogram_custom_range(self):
+        hist_op = kmath.histogram
+        input_tensor = np.random.rand(10)
+        range_specified = (2, 8)
+
+        # Expected output
+        expected_counts, expected_edges = np.histogram(
+            input_tensor, range=range_specified
+        )
+
+        counts, edges = hist_op(input_tensor, range=range_specified)
+
+        self.assertEqual(counts.shape, expected_counts.shape)
+        self.assertAllClose(counts, expected_counts)
+        self.assertEqual(edges.shape, expected_edges.shape)
+        self.assertAllClose(edges, expected_edges)
+
+    def test_histogram_symbolic_input(self):
+        hist_op = kmath.histogram
+        input_tensor = KerasTensor(shape=(None,), dtype="float32")
+
+        counts, edges = hist_op(input_tensor)
+
+        self.assertEqual(counts.shape, (10,))
+        self.assertEqual(edges.shape, (11,))
+
+    def test_histogram_non_integer_bins_raises_error(self):
+        hist_op = kmath.histogram
+        input_tensor = np.random.rand(8)
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            ValueError, "`bins` should be a non-negative integer"
+        ):
+            hist_op(input_tensor, bins=-5)
+
+    def test_histogram_range_validation(self):
+        hist_op = kmath.histogram
+        input_tensor = np.random.rand(8)
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            ValueError, "range must be a tuple of two elements"
+        ):
+            hist_op(input_tensor, range=(1,))
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            ValueError,
+            "The second element of range must be greater than the first",
+        ):
+            hist_op(input_tensor, range=(5, 1))
+
+    def test_histogram_large_values(self):
+        hist_op = kmath.histogram
+        input_tensor = np.array([1e10, 2e10, 3e10, 4e10, 5e10])
+
+        counts, edges = hist_op(input_tensor, bins=5)
+
+        expected_counts, expected_edges = np.histogram(input_tensor, bins=5)
+
+        self.assertAllClose(counts, expected_counts)
+        self.assertAllClose(edges, expected_edges)
+
+    def test_histogram_float_input(self):
+        hist_op = kmath.histogram
+        input_tensor = np.random.rand(8)
+
+        counts, edges = hist_op(input_tensor, bins=5)
+
+        expected_counts, expected_edges = np.histogram(input_tensor, bins=5)
+
+        self.assertAllClose(counts, expected_counts)
+        self.assertAllClose(edges, expected_edges)
+
+    def test_histogram_high_dimensional_input(self):
+        hist_op = kmath.histogram
+        input_tensor = np.random.rand(3, 4, 5)
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            ValueError, "Input tensor must be 1-dimensional"
+        ):
+            hist_op(input_tensor)